Online education at Longwood University Essays

Online training at Longwood University Essays Online training at Longwood University Essay Online training at Longwood University Essay The government funded school Longwood University is offering online instruction programs and the cutoff time for applying is rolling. The program speaks to an online business graduate program. The entirety of the selected understudies are as of now utilized and applied for this course just for getting advanced education. Similarly as whatever other school that offers web based considering and instruction, Longwood University has the entirety of the online classes recorded and filed for additional utilization. This online business program established by Longwood University is licensed by the best quality levels of business college accreditations †the Association of Advance Collegiate Schools of Business. Longwood University established this online business graduate program in 2010-2011. The complete number of selected understudies is 16. The educational cost for this program is diverse for in-state understudies and out-of-state understudies. For in-state understudies the educational cost is $289 and for out-of-state understudies, the educational cost is $799. The cutoff time for applying is rolling, the confirmations site is www.longwood.edu and the email is [emailprotected] The rankings for Longwood University’s online program are the accompanying: position 5 and score 95 for preparing and staff certifications, rank 215 and score 16 for innovation and understudy administrations, rank 31 and score 85 for understudy commitment and rank 16 and score 83 for confirmations selectivity. The companion evaluation score 1.6 out of 5. The application cutoff time is the equivalent for both in-state and universal understudies. The chief of confirmations is Abigail O’Connor. The confirmations telephone is 434 395 2043. Longwood University grants MBAs and it has 10 full-time workforce educators who instruct on the online courses yet the degree can't be earned completely on the web. Grounds based understudies are not permitted to take part in this online course. The suggested Internet speed for this online course is DSL. The main issue that can happen is that there is presently live technical support constantly. The low maintenance educational cost for in-state understudies is $289 and for out-of-state understudies is $799. The full-time educational cost for in-state understudies is likewise $289 and for out-of-state understudies $799.

Moores Theory of Democracy Analysis

Moores Theory of Democracy Analysis Book Review: Barrington Moore, Jr. Social Origins of Democracy and Dictatorship: Lord and Peasant really taking shape of the Modern World. Reference point Press; Reprint release, 1993 Moores work is an edifying conversation of the class structures and social starting points of majority rule government and tyranny, looking at the social change process that changed states and social orders from agrarian social orders to mechanical ones. The book shows the social starting points of majority rule government and tyranny intervened through class structures (landowners, workers, and urban middle class) and monetary courses of action. Moores examination of the mission for modernization and opportunity uncovers the history and humanism of political obstruction and savage social upsets against control, intervened through political and monetary interests that gave the impulse to events of transformation and furthermore created counter progressive powers that affected social orders political ways. He makes a sharp contention, similarly clarifying how connections between classes change with expanding commercialization of horticulture and this lays the preparation for the proce dure of progress in the social structures.[1] Moore expounds on the political and monetary intensity of class structures and the procedure of social change, and he examines their relationship and how this effects political outcomes.[2] The assembly or uniqueness of interests (political and financial) among these class structures and their effect on political improvement gives a satisfactory clarification of the humanism of modernization and the historical backdrop of transformations and social change.[3] Moore utilizes the hypothetical focal point of Marxist class investigation to clarify these elements and their job among class structures that thus have affected the political way of social orders and how that impacted or formed the idea of the state and society. Moores work is a significant insightful commitment to the hypothetical conversation of the procedure of modernization and the job of class structures and financial courses of action in relative contextual investigations. He acquaints three classes with clarify the procedure of modernization and the results. The principal, average unrest, highlights England, France, and the US, all nations that abrogated conventional landed first class mastery and became entrepreneur democracies.[4] The subsequent classification centers around the transformations in Germany and Japan that brought about extremism what Moore calls upset from over, a procedure which created the annihilation of famous unrest by the customary landed tip top and safeguarded their prevailing situation during industrialization. The third classification, worker insurgency, highlights Russia and China, where progressive proletariat abrogated the conventional tip top. Moore makes the radical and captivating contention that vicio us social upheaval was important, that liberal majority rules system succeeded and protected vote based system was built up in these nations due to the rough social unrests against conventional agrarian elites.ã‚â [5] Moores social class point of view improves our comprehension of the history and human science of the procedure of modernization. I saw his work as educational, as it gives a smart clarification of the social underlying foundations of modernization and what has followed. His work might be a significant commitment in understanding the social procedure and social underlying foundations of popular government and fascism, concentrating consideration on social change factors and the class relationship instead of the more ordinary institutional and state-focused clarification. In any case, his work neglects or subverts the job and hugeness of the relative quality or shortcoming of the states in the near contextual analyses as components that impacted the states political ways. This similar investigation of the significance of class examination and social change and how they sway results and impact political and monetary change assists with clarifying tyranny and democratization in the contemporary world. This book may keep scientists from noticing positivist and institutional investigation, assisting with comprehension and clarify the idea of political systems (popularity based and tyrannical). Moores examination of class and social change gives instruments to comprehend the family history of the idea of the state and the procedures of social change that have affected the political results of contemporary systems. His work is plainly pertinent to tyranny and autocracy in Africa, as to fascism. His hypothetical knowledge might be valuable in understanding the social causes, social bases, class structures and social change forms in that landmass, to clarify the financial and political setting of fascism and the procedure of democratization. This, notwithstan ding, doesn't imply that his contextual analyses or recorded examination ought to be superimposed, yet rather that his knowledge and expository techniques might be a significant info. The utility of Moores approach in examining contemporary African states and political systems will probably be found in the apparatuses it accommodates understanding the development of class and between class alliances and catching the account of obstruction/alliance among the different class structures. Methodologically, this book exhibits the significance of including bits of knowledge from contextual investigations inside the similar structure so as to bring up issues that can assist us with getting connections, premiums, procedures and results. Methodologically, Moores relative methodology is significant in light of the fact that particular experiences from explicit cases can be utilized to acknowledge varieties and unmistakable procedures explicit to different settings utilizing investigation of progress in class structures. In light of this methodological methodology, the recorded conditions that have made the conditions for the development of western parliamentarian majority rule government, tyrannies, totalitarianism and socialist systems, have been enough delineated. Moores work is a near investigation of modernization through the change from the pre-current to the cutting edge mechanical period. His fundamental dispute is that class and social change clarify why a few governments formed into domineering structures while other formed into vote based systems. His book focal subject spins around how the political way of present day states (liberal majority rules system, fundamentalist autocracy and socialist tyranny) had its starting points from the progressive past interceded through class structures and procedure of social change in represented through various contextual investigations. The political result of the class structures, their relationship and dispute, is the focal topic, supporting his contention that the class battle between the workers and the landowner with business horticultural interests, and the job of the urban tip top, has colossal essentialness. Moores principle commitment is with the job of class structure in molding or affecting political types of administration in current industrialized social orders. He explains the connection between class structure and history and the political result of this. Moore states over and again that commercialization of farming and urban classes are inescapable factorsthatinfluence and shape political results and the change to the industrialized present day world request. Moore outlines that it was critical to obliterate the intensity of the landed agrarian tip top so as to permit the ascent of just political systems. [1] Moore, B. (1993). Social starting points of fascism and majority rule government: Lord and worker really taking shape of the advanced world (Vol. 268). Reference point Press. p 418-419 [2] Ibid Page 422-424 [3] Ibid p 486 [4] Ibid 428-478 [5] Ibid xxiii , page 10-22,52-57, 115-150

Analysis Of Todays Consumerism Anthropology Essay Free Essays

string(45) the 1 that offers character to an exchange name. Everlasting industrialism has formed the way twenty-first century scene resembles. It makes boundless interest of stocks and shops in any conceivable unending. Retail configuration is capable to change over this conceivable unending into a ‘consumerism boundless ‘ . We will compose a custom paper test on Examination Of Todays Consumerism Anthropology Essay or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now It is the place individuals experience solid power to see and buy stocks. An ideal representation to demo grounds exists in way universe. There is solid indicant of tense rivalry occurs between dressing industry to win the market. According to that, the shop has become one cardinal aspect or rather a solid articulation to make exchange name awareness among open. The request emerge is the manner by which, in a nearly over-soaked market, a shop can be perchance intended to pass on solid message to pull the ‘crowd of industrialism ‘ into the vast. 1.1. Commercialization Today The idea of expending has changed over the past decennaries. Back to the early human civilisation time frame, a large portion of the exercises were needs-determined activities. Prior, as huntsman gatherer, human chased vitalize creatures to have the option to eat. Followed by farming period, horticulture and works development were done to deliver their supplement. Expending was a simple movement that must be done so as to last. In Industrial and innovative age, the way individuals expend things has changed. As progressively differing stock being created and various methods for conveyance being imagined, there are delight elements of eating up in signifier of picks. People groups discover fervor in taking what they need to eat up. This prompts present day industrialism where the build of devouring goes past the requests of perseverance. 1.2.Shopping as Modern Consumerism Shopping is the twenty-first century ‘s portrayal of human industrialism. People groups discover delectations encompassed by extent of various stores and exchange names. To have the option to take and analyzes is the high spot of present day life commercialization. In signifiers of picking, buying, and using, shopping has cooked these requests. Shopping can be viewed as in a constructive way of convey throughing individuals ‘s requests and needs. Be that as it may, apparently, it has grown so quick, in footings of action, unending, and stocks. Furthermore, over the past decennaries, it becomes significant feature in human life. Exhibition halls, libraries, airdromes, clinics, and schools are going continuously indistinguishable from shopping. Their acknowledgment of retail for continuance has released a huge moving edge of business capture that has changed museumgoers, inquire about laborers, voyagers, patients, and students into customers ( Koolhaas refered to in Luna, 2005, p.26 ) Shopping is apparently the most cosmopolitan action today. The way inside decorator plan unending needs to follow this idea each piece great. Space must be planned in such a way to suit this, to empower individuals to shop wherever, whenever. 1.3.The Being of Fashion Retail Design retail conceivably is the best outline to depict the advanced industrialism. It shows how individuals eagerly pick what they wear under the spotlight of various way exchange names. In the event that the occurrence is taken to a higher degree, it shows obviously how individuals judgments are driven by pick then again of requests. High classification way exchange names, for example, LMVH, Gucci, and Prada exist to work past individuals ‘s request of vesture. They meet individuals ‘s want for picks for extent of extravagance stocks. 1.4.Fashion of Singapore Singapore cityscape pictures plainly the being of global way exchange names. They, along these lines, has become one in number appealing power purpose of Singapore for both neighborhood costumiers and tourers. Singapore is one of the central rivalry circles for these huge way exchange names Asia. To have the option to run into customers ‘ request, each exchange name needs to concoct top of the line structure for its retail. Structure and engineerings are advanced in its use to climb the shopping experience that lead to exchange name awareness. Every one of these things must be done with the goal that individuals will take certain exchange name and non others. Plantation Road is a decent delineation envisioning the opposition among these exchange names. Inside structure, veneer mediation, show engineerings are being enhanced to pull walkers along the course. 2.Retail Metempsychosis People groups discover pleasances in taking what they need. Retail has two unique assaults because of the interest. To start with, they should have the option to gracefully an extent of stocks for customers to take. Second, the retail itself skilled to rivalry. That implies it is other than considered one of such a large number of picks in the market. In this undertaking, the retail needs to go out to the market that it is meriting picked. The exchange name, the stocks, and the shop needs to cooperate to stick out and makes solid awareness in the commercial center. Retail needs to resurrection, go forthing old moderate way of propelling exchange names, and making new association among stocks and customers. 2.1.Brand Manifestation With a solid rivalry in the way advertise, a solid normal picture of an exchange name is required to make open cognizance. The example is non solitary rivalry among stocks however next to proceeds to the earth where the stocks being advanced. At this stage, a shop has become cardinal instrument for the exchange name to make its pictures. A leader shop is intended to speaks to the distinction of the exchange name so. For new customers, the shop become the principal things that pulls in them before they go more remote down to the stocks being offered or even before they see the window appears. 2.1.1.Design for the Trade names Engineering and inside plan are capable to make condition to introduce stocks to customers. Style retail, regardless of way, inclinations, or exchange name uniqueness, ought to have the option to make customer awareness and energize them to come and take it then again of different stores. This is the cardinal guide of retail plan before it goes down into a more profound and progressively explicit case-based guide. On higher degree, the planner or inside decorator must comprehend the idea of material and how single way inside decorator, that is being spoken to, has their own method to deal with it. This by itself quality is the 1 that offers character to an exchange name. You read Examination Of Todays Consumerism Anthropology Essay in classification Paper models The character, along these lines, must be converted into the unbounded so as to offer solid expression of the exchange name. 2.1.2.Emphasizing Fictional personality So as to be normal in a packed market, a solid character of the exchange name is required. This character is anticipated from the way the exchange name transport itself to the market. It comprises of extent of stocks and administration being offered, and the earth of where the business exercises take topographic point. Retail configuration must have the option to make the vibe that length customers and stocks. The shop goes about as a pack and cover, truly and allegorically, to the exchange name. The character will simply be underscored if there is respectability between the exchange name, the product, and the shop. 2.1.3.Characterizing Structure A shop as a physical haven may be more than bounty to envelope the business action go oning under it. However, in way universe, it goes more remote than usefulness. More than simply a topographic point to uncover the product and providing dissemination for individuals to walk and shop the product, the retail needs to relate itself to the product and the organization precept. As it were, the shop needs to set up connection, in signifier and plan, with the clothes. The physical development, that give business condition, needs to intermix in with the attire and make generally speaking honesty. Just by this way, the customer will see the greater picture of the exchange name, and non free bits of the exchange names. One perfect delineation of congruity between exchange name and shop is appeared in Calvin Klein shop situated in Avenue Montaigne, Paris. Its shop, planned by John Pawson in 2002, made a decent outline of how the character of the array - particularly the early Calvin Klein ‘s work-has been converted into the retail unending. ( Klein ) has said â€Å" It ‘s of import non to bewilder effortlessness with uninteresting, † and executes his streamlined, refined, sportswear-based structures in luxurious normal filaments, †¦( Stegemeyer, 2004, p.130 ) It is the idea of effortlessness that is methodicallly passed on through the exchange name, stocks, and shop. Straight lines and get endless successions draws out the clarity of the array, making a spotless and slippery environment of the shop. The pined for straightforwardness environment is fortified through indifferent shading material that is accomplished by stuffs and illuming introducing. 2.2.Design Differentiation A character indication to an unending is certainty necessities to make solid exchange name awareness. Notwithstanding, regardless of the exchange name that is being spoken to, way shop can be common without anyone else. It is a second measure after set uping solid portrayal of the exchange name. This is about various assault from the experience side, examining the communication among stocks and customers in a helpful controlled condition. In other word, it rethinks the way individuals shop inside a shop, making a crisp shopping experience. 2.2.1.New Fashion Stores Fundamental With Singapore scene that has been stuffed with shopping promenades and retail shops, the inventive movement of retail shop ought to be all the more painstakingly considered. At the point when the market is driven by commercialization, th

Essay Tips - The Importance of College Board Essay Samples

Essay Tips - The Importance of College Board Essay SamplesIf you're considering writing a college board essay, it's important to start with your syllabus and literature requirements before you even begin your writing. This is the only way you'll be able to really make good use of the literature that comes from colleges. You have to understand how to write a good college essay using literature; there's more to the whole idea than just hitting the points of a syllabus.To start off with, it's important to know the idea behind your college board essay before you get started. There are three different areas to look at when you do this: rhetoric, style, and substance. Let's take a look at each one.When it comes to rhetoric, most people think of writing in the form of words or sentences. But this isn't necessarily how you should be using literature. It should always be in the form of ideas or information. By doing this, you'll be able to develop a lot of useful ideas that will give you bett er insight into your topics and points.On the other hand, you want to make sure that the entire essay flows easily through. This means that you need to use descriptive language and get straight to the point. This gives you a chance to get right to the point and lets your readers know what you want them to know. This is also a very powerful and effective way to get the points across to your audience without giving too much information.Another thing to make sure that you use is language that can be broken down into two short paragraphs. This is done by inserting a brief paragraph between the main essay. This gives your paper a quick introduction and helps you keep the essay flowing.Writing in a particular style should be something that you choose to do and is entirely up to you. In a way, you'll be creating your own personal style in your essay and this is how it will work.College board essay samples are also a great tool for students to use for their papers. By using some of these sa mples, they can help them have an idea on what they can expect when they are writing. This can make their paper better for sure, but it also opens up many more opportunities for them to put their own spin on a topic.

Essay on Positive and Negative Effects of the Columbian...

Although Columbuss revelation of the New World to the Old World caused deadly diseases to both hemispheres, a loss of preservation of native American culture in the New World, and the unhealthy effect of tobacco in the Old World, it made an overall positive impact in lasting terms by the introduction of religion and horses and cattle in the New World and the new agriculture advancements and alpacas. The Eastern-Western hemisphere encounter was obviously positive in the Western hemisphere because of the fact that most of us here would have never been born, but the introduction of religions made a lasting impact. Most Europeans were religious and wanted to share their faith with the natives. Some people also came to escape religious†¦show more content†¦By integrating so many Old World ideas, it became harder and harder to identify their true culture. Even today, one could go to an Indian reservation and see only a few people who carry as much original native traditions as po ssible, but none of them can because some of the new ideas were so hidden, like horses, that its hard for even a person who is majority Native American to dissect his or her culture to its purest form. Other countries still have bright culture that they hold on to and can be recognized by. The Old World was affected negatively by the New World, but not in such a harsh way. They came back with less than half the diseases that they brought. Many people were killed by the sicknesses like yellow fever, but not in any kind of comparison to the Native Americans, and the diseases they brought were nothing to the Black Plague that so many had heard about so it didnt affect them as much as natives. Tobacco, although it may seem small, was an unnoticed problem for Europeans. It soon became a necessity. Both chewing and smoking affected their heath and is even a problem today. The negative effects on the Old World are significantly less severe than on the New World. The Old World had a huge advantage over the Native Americans because they could see a natives actual life and almost everything about them while the New World didnt originally have that benefit. Because of this, the Europeans got many agriculture ideas and foods fromShow MoreRelatedThe Positive Effects Of The Columbian Exchange1051 Words   |  5 PagesThe Columbian Exchange The Columbian Exchange was the transfer of plants, animals, human populations, diseases, cultures, and ideas throughout the world. The new worlds that had been discovered were a part of this Columbian Exchange, and were exposed to many new and foreign goods as well as people. The Americas, or New World, were faced with harsh treatment from Columbus and his crew, along with the rampant spread of new diseases that took a large toll on the Native populations. The Indies were alsoRead MorePositive Effects Of The Columbian Exchange703 Words   |  3 Pagesthe time period known as the Columbian Exchange. Most of what the Europeans took from the Exchange was good, but some of what they brought was devastating to the people in the New World. Although, this time period was very brutal for the Native Americans, the Columbian Exchange resulted in the transmitting of new technologies, an increase in remedies and cures for diseases, and a growth in resources such as food that helped to improve l ife. During the Columbian Exchange there were civilizations thatRead MoreThe Positive Effects Of The Columbian Exchange1643 Words   |  7 PagesThe term â€Å"Columbian Exchange† refers to the massive transfer of life between the Afro-Eurasian and American hemispheres that was precipitated by Columbus’ voyage to the New World . It was known as the widespread interchange of plants, animals, diseases, culture, human populations and technology between Europe and the Americas. After Columbus’ arrival to the Americas, the plant, animal and bacterial life began to mix between the Americas, which was also referred to as the â€Å"New World† and Europe,Read Morecolumbian exchange817 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ The Columbian Exchange The Columbian exchange created an enormous interchange of various political ideas, cultures, foods, diseases, animals, and people between the old world and the new world, this give and take relationship caused many changes some positive and some negative between the two areas and help redistribute resources between the two hemispheres. There were many positive things that happened as a result of the Columbian exchange. Potatoes and corn became major food sources forRead MoreColumbian Exchange Dbq889 Words   |  4 PagesColumbian Exchange BBQ The Columbian Exchange was a major milestone in the diffusion of the New and Old World. In 1492, Columbus arrived in the Bahamas(2), where he first came in contact with Native Americans. There, both exchanged their cultures such as crops, animals, metals, and germs, hence the name, Colombian Exchange. This has brought about both positive and negative effects. While some negative impacts are exemplified by the near-genocide of Amerindians, the demerits are outweighed by theRead MoreThe Cultural Impacts Of The Columbian Exchange775 Words   |  4 PagesThe Columbian Exchange By definition, the Columbian Exchange is described as the transatlantic flow of goods, people, and diseases, beginning with Christopher Columbus’s voyages and discovery of the New World in 1492. (Give Me Liberty!) This interpretation, however, does not give this event the acknowledgement it deserves, as the effects of this complex transaction made a significant impact of the modern history of the world. It completely shaped the world humans live in today, from the languagesRead MoreNegative Effects Of The Columbian Exchange1498 Words   |  6 Pagesstarting the Columbian exchange. The Columbian exchange was the process of the New World and the Old World transferring ideas, plants, animals, culture, human populations, and manufactured goods across the Atlantic Ocean throughout the 15th and the 16th century. Even though there were many positive results out of the exchange including the finding of the Americas, new plant and animal species, and the Europeans gaining more land t o grow their Old-World crops, the overall effects were negative. The ColumbianRead MoreWhat Was The Columbian Exchange? Essay1618 Words   |  7 Pagesresult of this was The Columbian Exchange in which there was a large trade of animals, plants, technology, culture, slaves, diseases, and even new religions. This exchange effected the way Europeans, Americans, Asians, and Africans lived their daily lives. The Columbian exchange was by far one of the most paramount events in the history of world technology, agriculture, culture, and ecology. In this research paper the following will be answered: What is the Columbian Exchange? Plants and animals transportedRead MorePositive Effects Of The Columbian Exchange837 Words   |  4 PagesThe Columbian Exchange had many effects on the world we know and live in today. There are many views on whether these effects were a positive or negative impact on us. The exchange brought diseases and slavery, but it also brought new technologies and culture. Throughout history there have been conquerors and conquered, the Americas are no different. Though the impact on the natives was unpleasant, I believe the Columbian Exchange was a positive event for the New World because it brought technologicalRead MorePositive Impact Of Christopher Columbus s Discoveries1247 Words   |  5 Pages Positive Impact of Christopher Columbus’s Discoveries The world is a better place because of Christopher Columbus’ important discoveries in the New World. His explorations resulted in the vast expansion of property for Europe, the exchange of goods and cultures between countries and a change in the worldview of geography. Columbus’s explorations were the catalyst for unprecedented trade known as the Columbian Exchange, which started the exchange of goods and ideas that would last for centuries

Assignment Economics For Managers - 3207 Words

MPE781 ECONOMICS FOR MANAGERS Assignment: ECONOMICS CASE STUDY Case: â€Å"Government moves to sell Medibank Private,† by Jim McIlroy, April 9, 2014. Trimester 3, 2014 12 January 2015 NAME RAHUL KWATRA STUDENT ID 213311495 TOTAL WORDS 3039 Answer 1 The article â€Å"Government moves to sell Medibank Private† by Jim McIlroy on April 9, 2014 explains that the Australian government is trying to sell billions of dollars of public asset as Medibank Private to some of the private investors. The question raises in the article is that whether government-owned health insurance company should turn into private-owned or not. Jim explains that the decision for selling Medibank was announced on March 26 by the Finance Minister Mathias Cormann to sell Medibank through initial public offering in the next financial year. The main points to summarise for the article can be categorised as: 1. Government Perspective 2. Jim McIlroy Perspective Government Perspective: According to the government two-thirds of the revenue gap is due to health care spending written in New Matilda by Ian McCauley in April last year. So the government believes that selling medibank private would stabilize the federal budget revenue gap. Ian also wrote that if public asset like medibank private is not sold then the hospital stays will be unaffordable for the general public due to high revenue gap in federal budget. Jim McIlroy Perspective: Jim advocates non-privatisation of Medibank Private in this article.Show MoreRelatedAssignment : Economics For Managers3090 Words   |  13 Pages MPE781-Assignment Economics for Managers Mingzhe Zhou Student Number: 214373421 01/08/2015 Question 1: In your own words, summarize the article, â€Å"Gov’t moves to sell Medibank Private,† by Jim Mcllroy, April 9, 2014. In particular, what are the main messages of the article? Answer: According to the article â€Å"Gov’t moves to sell Medibank Private†, privatization push of Medibank has certainly been on the Australian government’s agenda on March 26th 2014, which wouldRead MoreQuestions On Computer Skills Developed Over The Semester903 Words   |  4 PagesHRER 816 Lesson 15 Assignment Student Name: Stephanie R. White Last 4 digits of your PSU ID Number: 1585 Complete the following assignment directly on this document. Select the Submit Assignment button and use the File Upload tab to upload your file. Select Submit Assignment to complete your assignment. There is no set volume or word count expected for your answers. APPLICATION (50 points) This last assignment asks you to use a variety of skills developed over the semester. You will be jumpingRead MoreEffect of culture in business1012 Words   |  5 Pagesprofits. Also because of globalization, companies are faced with different cultures, religion and norms. For a company to do business in another country, a manager needs to understand the differences associated with the host country. Globalization is defined as this interdependency of transportation, distribution, communication, and economic networks across international borders (Gibson, Ivancevich, Donnelly, Konopaske, 2012, p 57). Each firm has their own organizational culture. According toRead MoreBEA683 Economics For Managers Student158431 Essay888 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿BEA683 Economics for Managers Reading Gans, Core Economics for Managers, Chs. 1 and 2. CT, Ch. 11 JiTT Assignment 3: Decision Making and Costs In order to prepare for the class on March 20 you are required to read on individual decision making and costs answer the following questions _______________Yanqiz__________(Name)________158431____________(Student ID) Submission Instructions: Your assignment must be in Word format. You must submit your assignment through the ‘JiTT Assignment-Submission’Read MoreAnalyzing Managerial Decisions: Bagby Copy Company1065 Words   |  5 Pagesdilemma between a specialized task assignment or broad task assignment. A specialized task entails designating an employee to a specific group of tasks that has a concentration in one functional capacity. In regards to broad task assignment, the worker is given a broader set of task that has variety. Depending upon which set of tasks is chosen, Bagby would have to understand what the tradeoffs are in making a decision. The benefits of specialized task assignment are: a) Exploiting Comparative advantageRead MoreRecersch Proposal1454 Words   |  6 Pagesthe new director will need to have manufacturing experience as well as the ability to function effectively in other aspects of the position. _________________________ QUESTIONS 1. Which candidate should the committee nominate for the assignment? Why? There are a number of good candidates for the position. Depending upon the firm’s HR philosophy, different candidates could be viewed as the best choice. The best candidate from an ethnocentric point of view is either Tom Wallace or BrettRead MoreWomen Expatriates1187 Words   |  5 PagesISM UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT BACHELOR STUDIES 3rd year students: Rasa Bartulyt Silvija Daikeryt Ieva Avulyt 2012 10 03 Women Expatriates Supervisor: Lineta Ramonien VILNIUS, 2012 Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Women do not want to be international managers........................................Read MoreFamily Business Case957 Words   |  4 PagesFamily Business Case LS 312-02 Ethics and the Legal Environment Kaplan University 4-27-14 INTRODUCTION The stakeholders in the â€Å"Family Business† case are Brad the owner, the employees, R and S Electronics, Eddie the General Manager, Greg the service technician, and Jane the head of the Payroll Department. The interests of the stakeholders are to run a smooth, profitable business. Jane’s interest is to insure the employees get paid correctly and to manage payroll. The employee’s interestsRead MoreMaximizing Profits in Market Structures1287 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment: Maximizing Profits in Market Structures 1 What are the characteristics of each market structure? A competitive market is many sellers that sell similar products with very little control over the market selling price. An example of competitive market structure is a gasoline station. There can be many gasoline stations in a certain mile radius, the more gasoline stations there are in a small area the higher the competitive the market. Monopolies: Monopolies are a groupRead MoreThe Impact Of Management On The Globalization Of Business900 Words   |  4 Pagesbusinesses. Business managers need to take account of the globalised business environment when making international strategic decisions and in managing ongoing international operations Globalization simplifies business management in the world. This is due to the advancement in technology, transport, communication, education, and regulations of trade that makes trade fair to all parties. This attracts more people to engage in international business and international trade. Managers within the global

Business Management and Leadership Network

Question: 1. Briefly discuss the roles and functions of Global Affairs Canada, Ministry ofCitizenship,Immigration andInternational Trade, Enterprise Toronto, EDC, TFO, CME, IE Canada, and bilateral trade organizations. 2. Provide a brief summary of the 6 articles:How to Build YourNetwork,A Smarter Way toNetwork,Effective Networking,How Leaders Createand Use Networks,Its Not What You Knowor Who You Know, ItsWhere You Are,andHow Will You Measure Your Life? Answer: 1. The role of Global Affairs Canada is related to the management of the countrys diplomatic and consulate relations with other countries. This committee is also called GAC or AMC (Affaires mondiales Canada). They also serve the role of boosting the international trade relation and development. Canada has always looked into the aspect of humanitarian assistance and other altruistic charges. They also help in the management of Canadian governmental relations abroad for diplomacy related activities as a representative of the Canadian government (Knowles 2016). There have been several change in the name of this organization, in the last 10 years it has been called Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Canada and Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada. The Ministry of Citizenship, Refugees and Immigration is now responsible for looking into the aspects of immigration and refugee related concerns. This ministry is also responsible to grant citizenship rights in the country. The minister of this ministry is John McCallum currently (Knowles 2016). The other organizations cater to bilateral trade agreements with Canada. EDC, Export Development Canada and CME is Canadian Manufacturers Exporters they look at the aspects of trade and business in Canada. 2. These articles point at the impact on life and career due to varying factors like networking and how an effective network can be build. It also points out at the effect of knowing oneself completely. The article Its Not What You Knowor Who You Know points out at the aspects of knowing ones strength and weaknesses. All these articles when read in sequence will help us understand the parameters upon which one can measure the achievements of his/her life (Davis, Mazmanian, Fordis, Harrison, Thorpe Perrier 2006). These articles are reflective and point out at being stronger in the tough situations that a manager of today will face in every aspect. These articles helped me understand the value of making the right network of people and how I can build a prospective career goal. References Marshall, J., Mead, G. (2005). Editorial: Self-reflective practice and first-person action research. Kelchtermans, G. (2009). Who I am in how I teach is the message: selfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ understanding, vulnerability and reflection.Teachers and Teaching: theory and practice,15(2),57-272. Epstein, R. M., Hundert, E. M. (2002). Defining and assessing professional competence.Jama,287(2), 226-235. Fonagy, P., Steele, M., Steele, H., Moran, G. S., Higgitt, A. C. (1991). The capacity for understanding mental states: The reflective self in parent and child and its significance for security of attachment.Infant mental health journal,12(3), 201-218. Johnson, M. K., Raye, C. L., Mitchell, K. J., Touryan, S. R., Greene, E. J., Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2006). Dissociating medial frontal and posterior cingulate activity during self-reflection.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience,1(1), 56-64. Davis, D. A., Mazmanian, P. E., Fordis, M., Van Harrison, R. T. K. E., Thorpe, K. E., Perrier, L. (2006). Accuracy of physician self-assessment compared with observed measures of competence: a systematic review.Jama,296(9), 1094-1102. Kelley, N., Trebilcock, M. J. (1998).The making of the mosaic: A history of Canadian immigration policy. University of Toronto Press. Knowles, V. (2016).Strangers at Our Gates: Canadian Immigration and Immigration Policy, 15402015. Dundurn.

Peter The Great Essays - House Of Romanov, Russian Empire

Peter the Great Peter the Great or Peter I, czar of Russia, reigned from (1672-1725). In many ways he bettered the country of Russia, but in other ways he hurt Russia. The ways in which bettered the country outweighs the bad effects put upon Russians during his reign. Most of the ways that he improved the country stemmed from him forcing Western European culture on his people. One of the ways in which he bettered Russia was that he expanded their land. Land expansion meant that Russia became bigger that the rest of Europe and Russia now had sea and fresh water ports important for trade. He also improved education, the military, and transportation. Some of the negative aspects of Peter's rule was that the Russians taxes increased and their standard of life had decrease. At all cost and with his perseverance Peter had made Russia a European power. Peter's greatest accomplishment was that he educated many of the would be illiterate Russians. Russians were at the highest point of education that they had ever been. He standardized a simpler Russian alphabet and introduced Arabic numerals. He started Russian academies for higher education. For the Boyards he made the college aged people to go out of the country for five years to study at a school in a Western European school. For the first time in Russian history there were the publishing of newspapers. He also changed the calendar to agree with the current calendar, the Gregorian. Peter next best accomplishment was that he expanded the state and therefor encouraged trade. Until the middle part of his reign Russia was land locked which meant that they had to hope that the other countries would let them through their country and water to go other countries seeking trade. The only way they could trade was with neighboring countries and that was still not good. Through wars with other countries such as Sweden they acquired lands that would give them seaports. With this came the establishment of a large seaport called St. Petersburg. St. Petersburg brought along the establishment in Russia of newly invented canals, stone roads, and drainage systems. The success was due to no pay labor of the peasants and the nobles having to spend time in that city. The city became known as the window to Europe. The accomplishment that is both good and bad was the implementation of a strong standing army. The main reason for why it was good was that it gave Russia victories in wars that resulted in land gains for trading. He added the Kossacks to the military that was a great move because these men were great horsemen. Something else had grown from his army policy that benefited that peasants the nobles were also put in the army. Because of this the peasants through his military merit advancement policy could become nobles. Everyone at this time were equal in status. The reason for why it was bad was that it gave Peter absolute control over everyone. 85 to 90 percent of the revenue rose by taxes were given to the military. There were also three tax hikes to pay for his many wars and his troops. People did not realize it but their lives could have been at stake with any false actions. Peter the Great was bad in that he was very cruel to the people of Russia. He heavily taxed everyone, so the serfs had to pay taxes for themselves and their owners. In the case of St. Petersburg the serfs had build without pay and those who did not build paid taxes. Peter was so mean that he tortured his son to death and that the people of Russia were saying some bad stuff under their breath about Peter. Due to the frequent wars the people that he drafted for the army had great chances of dying in action. In wars with the Turks he had lost some of their pride. Peter the Great of Russia was a great Czar whose actions helped the country more than it hurt the country. He expanded the territory of Russia and trade with it. He also introduced Russia to Western culture. From that came education and inventions. He was also

Mexico Essays - Valley Of Mexico, Americas, History Of North America

Mexico Essays - Valley Of Mexico, Americas, History Of North America Mexico The Aztecs The Aztecs were the native American people who dominated northern Mxico at the time of the Spanish conquest led by Hernan Cortes in the early 16th century. According to their own legends, they originated from a place called Aztlan, somewhere in north or northwest Mexico. At that time the Aztecs (who referred to themselves as the Mexica or Tenochca) were a small, nomadic, Nahuatl-speaking aggregation of tribal peoples living on the margins of civilized Mesoamerica. In the 12th century they embarked on a period of wandering and in the 13th century settled in the central basin of Mxico. Continually dislodged by the small city-states that fought one another in shifting alliances, the Aztecs finally found refuge on small islands in Lake Texcoco where, in 1325, they founded the town of TENOCHTITLAN (modern-day Mexico City). The term Aztec, originally associated with the migrant Mexico, is today a collective term, applied to all the peoples linked by trade, custom, religion, and language to these founders. Fearless warriors and pragmatic builders, the Aztecs created an empire during the 15th century that was surpassed in size in the Americas only by that of the Incas in Peru. As early texts and modern archaeology continue to reveal, beyond their conquests and many of their religious practices, there were many positive achievements: the formation of a highly specialized and stratified society and an imperial administration the expansion of a trading network as well as a tribute system the development and maintenance of a sophisticated agricultural economy, carefully adjusted to the land the cultivation of an intellectual and religious outlook that held society to be an integral part of the cosmos. The yearly round of rites and ceremonies in the cities of Tenochtitlan and neighboring Tetzcoco, and their symbolic art and architecture, gave expression to an ancient awareness of the interdependence of nature and humanity. The Aztecs remain the most extensively documented of all Amerindian civilizations at the time of European contact in the 16th century. Spanish friars, soldiers, and historians and scholars of Indian or mixed descent left invaluable records of all aspects of life. These ethnohistoric sources, linked to modern archaeological inquiries and studies of ethnologists, linguists, historians, and art historians, portray the formation and flourishing of a complex imperial state.

Equity theory 2 videos Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Equity theory 2 videos - Assignment Example Adams theory acknowledges that variable factors affect employees’ assessment and perception of their relationship with their employer and their work. Employees may be demotivated with their employer or job if they feel that their inputs are greater than the output. Therefore, the resultant effects of this will be reduced efforts, disgruntled and disruptive. In the application of this theory in a work place, it is important to consider the imbalance and the balance that exist between employees input and output in order to have satisfaction in a work place. This theory believes that a good leader will recognize the needs and well-being of the team members in order to build a highly and successful teams (Maslow, 2012, 00:03:44). Maslow believes that that there should be an emotional contact between leaders and their team for enhancement of equity and motivation at work place. In this theory, the followers usually give in their best return when they realize their leaders are looking upon their welfares. However, the theory contends that, as people strive to achieve basic needs, they also seek to satisfy their higher sets of

American Consumers and the growing energy crisisThe Effects on Essay

American Consumers and the growing energy crisisThe Effects on Transportation Industry - Essay Example Tremendous increase in the price of petrol and diesel and other fuel also has had an adverse impact on the transportation industry. This paper discusses the effects of the growing energy crisis on the transportation industry. There are many causes for the increase in the consumption of energy and, as stated earlier, the main reason can be attributed the population explosion. Mass immigration is the driving force behind this unprecedented and environmentally damaging surge in our population ("Alert Archive", 2001, March). Supply of fuel is too less to meet the demands. This increase in demand is in turn due to the increase in the population. The United States of America is the dream land for many people outside America. People become ecstatic if they get an opportunity to live in the USA and settle down there with family and friends. The funny part is that these immigrants do not realize that they would suffer because of themselves! So, this increase in population and in turn the increase in demand and the shortage of supply have led to what we call the energy crisis. This is the obvious reason. The Energy Crisis has two huge effects: Energy will become much more expensive and no longer abundantly available. This is severe: we use energy for almost everything, so this has an effect on all facets of live. First it will give a reach/distance contraction within the economy (less transport and less mobility, due to high energy prices). Second it will (due to the fact that energy is used for everything), make everything more expensive ("The Credit Crisis joins the Energy Crisis: Creating the Perfect Storm", 2008, para.4) This crisis has an impact on various areas like the stock markets, gold and so on. But it is relatively more on the transportation industry. In America, it looks like people would find themselves in a financial constraint to get to their homes from workplaces and vice versa! The issue of transport is now tugging at the sleeves of every person in America mainly due to the increase in cost of fuel. Especially, in a place like America where most of the people rely on public transportation, a bigger impact is felt. Here, the transportation industry includes not just the buses, cars and other vehicles but all other related factors right from the manufacturing of the vehicles, the infrastructure construction and maintenance and other facilities. Every process is affected because of this crisis. The transportation industry will suffer, because the consumption of energy is not restricted to refilling the fuel tank alone. There are many other areas where energy is consumed in various forms for different purposes. Some of them are stated below. Vehicle manufacture, maintenance and disposal. The energy spent for manufacturing and recycling vehicles is a direct function of vehicle complexity, material used, fleet size and vehicle life cycle. (Rodrigue & Comtois, 2006) Vehicle operation. Mainly involves energy used to provide momentum to vehicles, namely as fuels, as well as for intermodal operations. The fuel markets for transportation activities are significant. (Rodrigue & Comtois, 2006) Infrastructure construction and maintenance. The building of roads, railways, bridges, tunnels, terminals, ports and airports and the provision of lighting and signaling equipment

Gun politics Essay Example for Free

Gun politics Essay This family was a victim of a problem they could have avoided-a problem that, according to Florida park rangers, hundreds of visitors suffer each year. Several times a month, ranger Rod Torres of OLeno State Park said, people get scared and leave the park in the middle of the night. Those people picked the wrong kind of park to visit. Not that there was anything wrong with the park: The hikers camped next to them loved the wild isolation of it. But it just wasnt the kind of place the couple from New Jersey had in mind when they decided to camp out on this trip through Florida. Here is an example of a student model answer of an Expository Essay from The Write Source:Did you know that 7 out of 10 students have cheated at least once in the past year? Did you know that 50 percent of those students have cheated more than twice? These shocking statistics are from a survey of 9,000 U.S. high school students.Incredibly, teachers may even be encouraging their students to cheat! Last year at a school in Detroit, teachers allegedly provided their students with answers to statewide standard tests.Here is an another example of an expository essay. This example comes from Essay Start:Throughout history and through a cross-section of cultures, women have transformed their appearance to conform to a beauty ideal. Ancient Chinese aristocrats bound their feet as a show of femininity; American and European women in the 1800s cinched in their waists so tightly, some suffered internal damage; in some African cultures women continue to wear plates in their lower lips, continually stretching the skin to receive plates of larger size. The North American ideal of beauty has continually focussed on womens bodies: the tiny waist of the Victorian period, the boyish figure in vogue during the flapper era, and the voluptuous curves that were the measure of beauty between the 1930s and 1950s. Current standards emphasize a toned, slender look, one that exudes fitness, youth, and health. According to psychologist Eva Szekely, Having to be attractive at this time . . . means unequivocally having to be thin. In North America today, thinness is a precondition for being perceived by others and oneself as healthy (19). However, this relentless pursuit of thinness is not just an example of women trying to look their best, it is also a struggle for control, acceptance and success. Finally, here are excerpts from argumentative essays: Gun control has been a controversial issue for years. A vast majority of citizens believe that if gun control is strictly enforced it would quickly reduce the threat of crime. Many innocent people feel they have the right to bear arms for protection, or even for the pleasure of hunting. These people are penalized for protecting their lives, or even for enjoying a common, innocent sport. To enforce gun control throughout the nation means violating a persons Constitutional rights. Although some people feel that the issue of gun control will limit crime, the issue should not exist due to the fact that guns are necessary for self defense against crime, and by enforcing gun control is violating a citizen’s second amendment right to bear arms. Another examples of an argumentative essay comes from Bogazici University:Throw out the bottles and boxes of drugs in your house. A new theory suggests that medicine could be bad for your health, which should at leastcome as good news to people who cannot afford to buy expensive medicine. However, it is a blow to the medicine industry, and an evenbigger blow to our confidence in the progress of science. This new theory argues that healing is at our fingertips: we can be healthy by doing Reikion on a regular basis. On Essay By Example, on the other hand, the sample argumentative essay addresses online games and socialization: Online games arent just a diversion, but a unique way to meet other people. As millions of gamers demonstrate, playing online is about friendship and cooperation, not just killing monsters. These games are a viable social network because players focus on teamwork, form groups with like-minded people and have romantic relationships with other players. Massively-Multiplayer Online Games (MMOGs) feature millions of players interacting in the same environment. The games are social in nature as they allow players to band together and complete missions based on a story line, or test their skills by fighting against each other. At the start of the game, the user creates a fictional character, and customizes its physical appearance. Since many games involve combat, players also outfit their characters with armor and weapons, as well as choose their profession. Many popular game titles like World of Warcraft and Everquest follow a fantasy theme, so most professions have magical abilities like healing other players or raising undead minions. While the process seems simple, players may spend hours agonizing over the perfect look for their character, from their armor color to the type of  skills to use in battle. Once their character is created, the player is free to explore the vast, digital world and interact with other players; however they must pay on average $15 a month for game content. MMOG users are mostly male usually between the ages of 18-34 although titles like World of Warcraft have a healthy population of female players as well. With millions of players, there are plenty of people to adventure with. The key to learning to write a good essay is to read and study other essays and then practice, practice, rewrite and practice some more

Chemistry of LSD and Route of Access Essay -- Chemistry Chemical Scien

Chemistry of LSD and Route of Access Classification Pharmacologically, the commonly abused hallucinogenic substances may be divided into two major groups. The indolealkylamines, including d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, and dimethyltryptamine (DMT) bear a structural resemblance to the neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). The phenylethylamines, including mescaline and the phenylisopropylamines such as 2, 5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM, "STP"), are structurally related to dopamine, norepinephrine, and the amphetamines (Gelenberg, Bassuk, Schoonover 1991). Doses Usual doses range from about 25 micrograms to more than 300 micrograms. LSD is known to posses a low level of toxicity; the effective dose is about 50 micrograms while the lethal dose is about 14,000 micrograms. These figures provide a therapeutic ratio of 280, making the drug a remarkably nonlethal compound (Julien 2001). Pharmacology d-Lysergic acid diethylamide is a synthetic hallucinogen derived from an extract of the ergot fungus. The drug is colorless, odorless, and tasteless. It is usually ingested as part of a pill or dissolved on a piece of paper (Gelenberg, Bassuk, Schoonover 1991). LSD is often added to other substances, such as the back of stamps, or sugar cubes, which can be handled more easily (Julien 2001). Following oral administration, the drug is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed to body tissues. Only small amounts are detected in the brain, however (Gelenberg, Bassuk, Schoonover 1991). It also crosses the placenta. The largest amounts of LSD in the body are found in the liver, where the drug is metabolized be... ...emoved from the reaction mixture and can be re-employed in other conversions (Making LSD in the Laboratory, 2005). References Gelenberg, A.J., & Bassuk, E.L., & Schoonover, S.C. (1991). The Practitioner's Guide to Psychoactive Drugs. 3rd. Ed. (pp. 288, 290). New York: Plenum Publishing Corporation. Julien, R. M. (2001). A Primer of Drug Action. (p. 234). New York: Worth Publishers. Stockley. (2002). Stockley's Drug Interactions. (pp. 906-907). Great Britain: The Bath Press. Strang, M. (2004). LSD and Psilocybin- Serotonergic Hallucinogens: Route of access, brain metabolism, and neurochemical effects. February 24 2005, from The Shroomery. http://www.shroomery.org/index/par/25277. (2005). Making LSD in the Laboratory. February 28 2005, from Temple of the Screaming Electron. http://www.totse.com/en/drugs/psychedelics/lablsd.html

Public Trust Doctrine: Indian Contours

Who owns the Earth and its resources? To what extent may the general public claim the pure water, clean air, rich soil, and the myriad services Earth provides to sustain human life? Across continents and spanning centuries, a dynamic tension continues between those who would circumscribe the Earth’s bounty for private use and those who would carefully allot Earth’s riches to satisfy human needs. Private property—sequestering Earth’s resources for personal, exclusive use—has its zealous advocates, and in many locales its legal status is unimpeachable, and its ideology is unquestioned.But a competing ideology, dating from antiquity[1], holds that some of Earth’s riches should never be sequestered for private use, must be left for the public’s enjoyment, and must be stewarded by those in power. Codified 1,500 years ago during the Roman Empire, legal scholars labeled this the â€Å"Public Trust Doctrine. † The Public Trust Doctrine perseveres as a value system and an ethic as its expression in law mutates and evolves. More recently, scholars, activists, and lawyers have begun discussing the rights of people to access and enjoy various essential resources and services the Earth so generously yields.The Public Trust Doctrine primarily rests on the principle that certain resources like air, sea, waters and the forests have such a great importance to the people as a whole that it would be wholly unjustified to make them a subject of private ownership. The said resources being a gift of nature should be made freely available to everyone irrespective of the status in life. The doctrine enjoins upon the Government to protect the resources for the enjoyment of the general public rather than to permit their use for private ownership or commercial purposes.Three types of restrictions on governmental authority are often thought to be imposed by the public trust: first, the property subject to the trust must not only be u sed for a public purpose, but it must be held available for use by the general public; second, the property may not be sold, even for a fair cash equivalent; and third, the property must be maintained for particular types of uses. I begin this article by tracing the historical origins of the Public Trust Doctrine, charting its (r)evolutionary leaps across centuries, legal regimes, and environmental entities.I then shift legal gears and analyze certain current environmental problems vis-à  -vis this Doctrine. I explore how the judicial creativity complements and expands the Public Trust Doctrine’s legal connotations, which, for 1,500 years, have constrained how Earth’s resources can be used and have guided who must bear responsibility for stewarding resources for the public good. Evolution of the doctrine Roman Law: 1,500 years ago, the Roman Emperor Justinian simplified the jumble of laws governing his Empire.He commissioned dozens of the era’s leading jurists, whose wisdom became codified in the Corpus Juris Civilis. [2] In 529, Justinian’s code contained a Section as: â€Å"By the law of nature these things are common to all mankind, the air, running water, the sea and consequently the shores of the sea. †[3] The Public Trust Doctrine, as this notion came to be known, suggests that certain resources—usually water, but now much more—are common, shared property of all citizens, stewarded in perpetuity by the State. 4] Several hundred years after the fall of the Roman Empire, a copy of the Corpus Juris Civilis was rediscovered in Pisa, and scholars spent centuries analyzing the tome. [5]In the peripatetic manner that has come to characterize it, the Public Trust Doctrine migrated with the Corpus Juris Civilis throughout Europe, to both civil law and common law regimes. [6] English Law: The Magna Carta codified Justinian’s words in England, and in 1225 King John was forced to revoke his cronies’ exc lusive fishing and hunting rights, because this violated the public’s right to access these common resources. 7] Thus in England, while the King had vested ownership of public lands, he stewarded them in trust for the public. This notion of government ownership of resources held in trust as a commons is a shared precept in all places where the Public Trust Doctrine persists. [8] Evolution in India: India has the roots of this doctrine in ancient Vedas when every king was to protect the trees and natural resources. But somehow it bore mere moral and religious obligations and lacked legal recognition. The PTD has been recognized as a part of law of the land in 1997 in the case of M.C. Mehta v. Kamal Nath. The evolution of the same has been discussed in the next Chapter. [9] An insight into Indian legal arena Article 21 of India’s constitution declares: â€Å"No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law. â⠂¬ [10] Laws that conflict with or abridge fundamental rights named in the constitution are voided. [11] Citizens are allowed to challenge violations of these rights directly, and in fact citizen suits are the most rapid means to challenge actions that threaten fundamental rights. 12] In India, Judges have taken these substantive and procedural rights seriously and have buttressed them by establishing the Public Trust Doctrine to secure powerful protections for citizens’ Environmental Human Rights[13].While the constitution does not explicitly provide for Environmental Human Rights, Indian courts have gone further than almost any in naming environmental rights that serve the fundamental right to life. [14] The claims that impinge on Article 21’s fundamental right to life include various challenges where ecosystems have been impaired. 15] India’s Supreme Court stopped unauthorized mining causing environmental damage, holding that this â€Å"is a price that has to be paid for protecting and safeguarding the right of the people to live in a healthy environment with minimal disturbance of ecological balance. †[16] When a government agency action threatened a local fresh water source, the High Court of Kerala held that government â€Å"cannot be permitted to function in such a manner as to make inroads into the fundamental right under Art. 1. . . . The right to sweet water and the right to free air are attributes of the right to life, for these are the basic elements which sustain life itself. †[17] In a case upholding a statute that allows India to pursue justice following the Bhopal gas leak disaster, the Supreme Court further consolidated the link between Article 21’s right to life and the right to a clean environment. [18] In 1997, the landmark case of M.C. Mehta v. Kamal Nath[19] conjured up the Public Trust Doctrine in India. In that case, the Minister of the Environment (respondent) impermissibly allowed a motel to be built at the mouth of a river, and impermissibly allowed the motel to change the course of the river (which created subsequent flooding in nearby villages) in violation of the Public Trust Doctrine—which hadn’t explicitly existed before this case. 20]Before invoking the Public Trust Doctrine, the court alludes to: the classic struggle between those members of the public who would preserve our rivers, forests, parks and open lands in their pristine purity and those charged with administrative responsibilities who, under the pressures of the changing needs of an increasingly complex society, find it necessary to encroach to some extent upon open lands heretofore considered inviolate to change. 21] In this case, the court summons up the Public Trust Doctrine by first saying â€Å"The notion that the public has a right to expect certain lands and natural areas to retain their natural characteristic is finding its way into the law of the land. †[22] To justify thi s notion, the court cites excerpts from a Harvard Environmental Law Review article: â€Å"Human activity finds in the natural world its external limits.In short, the environment imposes constraints on our freedom; these constraints are not the product of value choices but of the scientific imperative of the environment’s limitations†[23] , promoting a new kind of natural law exigency for protecting environmental resources in the name of protecting fundamental human rights. [24] The court then revisited Justinian’s notion of the Public Trust Doctrine, including the exegesis of more than a half dozen seminal cases[25] of United States law that invoked and reinvigorated the Public Trust Doctrine. 26] The court concluded: â€Å"Our legal system—based on English common law —includes the public trust doctrine as part of its jurisprudence. The State is the trustee of all natural resources which are by nature meant for public use and enjoyment.Public at l arge is the beneficiary of the sea-shore, running waters, airs, forests and ecologically fragile lands. The State as a trustee is under a legal duty to protect the natural resources. These resources meant for public use cannot be converted into private ownership. 27] And thus the â€Å"aesthetic use and the pristine glory of the natural resources, the environment and the eco-systems of our country cannot be permitted to be eroded for private, commercial or any other use unless the courts find it necessary, in good faith, for the public goods and in public interest to encroach upon the said resources. †[28] The Supreme court for the first time recognized and declared, â€Å"the Public Trust Doctrine as discussed in this judgment is a part of the law of the land. †[29] In M. I. Builders Pvt. Ltd. v.Radhey Shyam Sahu[30], the Indian Supreme Court subsequently hitched the Public Trust Doctrine to the constitutionally guaranteed right to life. [31] The court held that a pub lic park and market are public trust resources that may not be replaced with a shopping complex. [32] Citing the precedent of M. C Mehta, the court reasserted that the Public Trust Doctrine is part of Indian law,[33] and thus ordered the appellant to restore the park that it had destroyed when it (and the government agency that permitted its actions) improperly violated the public trust. 34] The park in a crowded area is of â€Å"historical importance and environmental necessity. †[35] To allow the construction would mean that citizens â€Å"would be deprived of the quality of life to which they are entitled under the law. †[36]Because the government’s Development Authority was the trustee of the park, it had violated â€Å"the doctrine of public trust, which [is] applicable in India. †[37] The government authority was obliged to manage this park for the public good, and it â€Å"has deprived itself of its obligatory duties which cannot be permitted. [38 ] The court noted that â€Å"this public trust doctrine in our country, it would appear, has grown from Article 21 of the Constitution. †[39] The Public Trust Doctrine was invoked anew specifically to protect the fundamental human rights enshrined in the Constitution. Here, then, the Indian Supreme Court avers that the actions of the government and the private party appellant violated the right to life guaranteed in Article 21 of the Indian Constitution, and the government agency has committed these violations by violating PTD.Drawing on the Illinois Central[40] decision to explain Sax’s central tenet of the PTD[41], the court recited that â€Å"when a state holds a resource which is available for the free use of the general public, a court will look with considerable skepticism upon any governmental conduct which is calculated either to reallocate the resource to more restricted uses or to subject public uses to the self-interest of private parties. †[42] Subse quent litigation has affirmed the PTD’s relevance in Indian law.For example, the High Court of Jammu & Kashmir[43] allowed a manufacturing plant to be constructed, but only if the regional government observed its PTD duties to ensure that all possible pollution safeguards were implemented. A plant for filling cylinders with LPG was started after complying with the statutory requirements and clearance from PCB. When the residents objected the plant to continue and filed a writ of mandamus, the court after referring to Article 21, 47[44], 48-A[45], 51(A)(g)[46] and the post independence legislations invoked the doctrine of public trust and held that natural resources belong to people.The decision once again said that Article 21 of the constitution required that the government observe its public trust duties, for the â€Å"public has a right to expect certain lands and natural areas to retain their natural characteristics. †[47] The judgment also extended the scope of the Public Trust Doctrine, as â€Å"there can be no dispute that the State is under an obligation to see that forests, lakes and wildlife and environment are duly protected. [48] The Fomento Resorts Case (2009)[49]: Here, Fomento Resorts and Hotels Ltd had extended the construction of its hotel resort encroaching upon a public road and parking place which was a natural access to people visiting the Vainguinim beach. On a writ petition filed by a local residents, the Bombay High Court ordered demolition of the unauthorized structures following which the resort company preferred an appeal in the apex court.The apex court concurred with the view of the local residents that the unauthorized construction had put hindrances in their access to the beach. ‘Natural resources like beaches, forests, rivers and other water bodies are for uninterrupted and unhindered use of the general public and even the State cannot deprive them of their natural rights’, the Supreme Court held. Such rights are governed by the â€Å"public trust doctrine† and people can move the courts for enforcing the rights and directed Fomento resorts Goa to emolish its unauthorised construction on Vainguinim Beach, which had been overlooked by the state government. â€Å"The State cannot transfer public trust properties to a private party, if such a transfer interferes with the right of the public the court can invoke the public trust doctrine and take affirmative action for protecting the rights of the people to have access to light, air and water and also for protecting rivers, sea, tanks, trees forest and associated natural eco-system.The doctrine puts an implicit embargo on the right of the State to transfer public properties to private party if such transfer affects public interest, mandates affirmative State action for effective management of natural resources and empowers the citizen to question ineffective management thereof,† the apex court ruled. AN ANALYSIS OF THE JUDICIAL TRENDS The aforementioned decisions, however a major breakthrough, do not reveal whether the judges are saying this Doctrine has always been a part of Indian law, or whether it is a new provision.Mostly they seem to reiterate that United States law has always found the Doctrine to be part of its common law heritage as a British colony, and so should be done here as well. What is distinctively clear, however, is that the court felt the Public Trust Doctrine was necessary to bolster its demands on the government to advance constitutionally protected rights. It also appears that putting the Public Trust Doctrine in service of constitutionally guaranteed environmental rights puts not only new strictures on government, but also places new constraints on private property rights in India.Those constraints could be cast as a sextuple threat to Indian private property rights. First, the Indian Constitution mandates a fundamental right to life. Second, two decades and dozens of court cases interpret this constitutionally provided right to mean that environmental harms themselves are proscribed in order to serve the fundamental right to life. Third, to prohibit private acts that threaten environmental resources essential to safeguard the right to life, the Indian Supreme Court has repeatedly cited the â€Å"polluter pays principle and the precautionary principle† as emerging norms of international environmental law. 50] Fourth, the Public Trust Doctrine is asserted to buttress the government’s ineluctable responsibility to protect the right to life and the ancillary rights that serve the fundamental right.Fifth, private rights of action against private or government parties are permitted to vindicate the fundamental and corollary rights. Finally, the Indian Constitution requires an affirmative â€Å"fundamental duty† of every citizen of India â€Å"to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, wild life, a nd to have compassion for living creatures. [51] While a thorough examination of Indian private property rights is beyond the scope of this project, the combination of court-enshrined corollary environmental rights in service of fundamental right to life when accompanied with a decade-old reinvention of the Public Trust Doctrine means that whatever rights private property owners had before in India are now cast in a new, circumscribed way[52]. Contemporary Twists in the tale:Multi faceted Application of the doctrine National parks and national monuments harbor some of the most scenic areas in India. Each summer, motorists and tourist lineup to see the majesty of places like Kanha National Park , the holy shrines of Haridwar, Mankadevi, Rishikesh, Gangotri and Yamnotri and numerous Beaches and backwaters, gawking at wildlife and snapping photos to share. These public lands are also rich in natural resources like coal, oil, gas and timber.It is generally expected that Nation’s leadership would put these â€Å"public lands† wisely to use. Today, the conflict between protection of natural resources upholding the doctrine of public trust and the responsibility of state to manage national interests of industrialization and preservation of natural resources. Sometimes these conflicts are subtle, and sometimes the interests they represent are in direct opposition. This section discusses two case studies as a way to raise the issues.The first case the conflict is between traditional Native religious practitioners and commercial mountain climbing interests. The conflicts may seem more subtle as the policy makers see the mountain climbing â€Å"recreational† use that ought to be consistent with traditional native use since both depend, to some extent, upon the preservation of the mountain and its aesthetic qualities. However it is far too simplistic to assume that recreational use of public lands is consistent with â€Å"preservation† uses.Whi le environmentalists frequently deplore the idea that natural resources exploitation can achieve a friendly coexistence with â€Å"preservation† of these spectacular places, the current political and economic climate reflects the emphatic commitment to commercial exploitation of public lands. Native peoples’ longstanding interests in these public lands are frequently reduced to a religious attachment or, in policy terms, an interest in â€Å"sacred sites protection. All the policymakers overlook in the process that the native people have a unique relationship with their ancestral homelands, which are time and again encroached upon. Natives have legal, moral, political and cultural interests in their ancestral homelands, and these multiple and complex interests should not be described as purely religious in nature.The following case study addresses a compelling issue for contemporary policymakers: how do we protect the inherent rights of the people to the natural resou rces which are time and again endangered by industrial and commercial exploiters? 53] The story revolves around the tribes people of Kalahandi who oppose Vedanta[54]’s takeover of a region they hold in reverence. For the last one year, the Niyamgiri hills in Kalahandi district of southwestern Orissa have been reverberating with protests and demonstrations. The tribals of the area[55], who worship the hills as living gods—are taking on Vedanta, a UK-based mining major that has acquired a license from the government to exploit the abundant bauxite reserves in the pristine region.Conflicts between tribals and the state are nothing new—especially when they are portrayed as a struggle between the modern (read: progressive governments and corporates) and the primitive (read: tribals). Vedanta, in partnership with the state-owned Orissa Mining Corporation, promises to put India on the global map as undisputed leader in production of iron ore, aluminium and zinc. But th e tribals are asking if this should be at the cost of destroying their habitat, with which, in their animist traditions, they engage in a sacred covenant.And environment activists ask if there can ever be another Niyamgiri once the mining starts. A visit there is a trip to paradise—lush greenery, scores of streams crisscrossing the mountains, rich soil, an abundance of wildlife. In fact much of the region is protected under Section 18 of the Indian Wildlife Act, and the Orissa government had declared it an elephant reserve as recently as 2004. But once the mining begins, the ecosystem will be lost. The pollution and degradagion and degeneration has begun. The earlier warnings were all ignored.The first had come from the central empowered committee in 2002, constituted under the EPA[56]. The committee observed: â€Å"Had a proper study been conducted before embarking on a project of this nature and magnitude involving massive investment, the objections to the project from the environmental/ecological/forest angle would have become known in the beginning itself and in all probability the project would have been abandoned. † The second came from WII in 2006. Its status report said, â€Å"Mining could trigger irreversible changes in the ecological characteristics of the area.The cost-benefit value should not only take into account the material benefits of bauxite mining†¦ (but also) the perpetuity of the resources and ecosystem services that would be provided by these forests in the future. Compromising long-term economic returns, therefore, cannot be an alternative for short-term gains. † The apex court, however, ruled in 2008 that the company was free to mine after it complies with the due process of law. Today the public trust doctrine serves an important role in adjudicating tribal rights and state responsibilities. 57] Modern case laws have defined contours of State responsibility and highlighted it’s application towards prote ction of the interests of â€Å"We, the People. †Skeptics may say the process could allow Vedanta scope for intervention, but the tribal activists are steadfast in their resolve. â€Å"We’re not against development,† they say, â€Å"But the state must recognize the rights of tribal communities that have lived here for ages. † Critical analysis Is the public trust doctrine a threat to private property? Is it a vital, evolving common law doctrine? Or a metastasizing source of governmental uthority over private land? These are certain inevitable questions to be raised by the critics of the said Doctrine. Analysing the Doctrine, it can be said that it serves two purposes: it mandates affirmative state action for effective management of resources and empowers citizens to question ineffective management of natural resources. The Public Trust Doctrine can be used as leverage during policy deliberations and public scoping sessions and hearings. This forces agenci es to prove that their actions are not environmentally harmful to the extent that they will destroy a public resource.If the agencies fail to provide a more environmentally benign alternative, then you can bring up a Public Trust lawsuit. Although the court process may be long and arduous, many important precedents have been established. It is interesting to note that in the Kamal Nath case[58] the Supreme Court held that even if there is a separate and a specific law to deal with the issue before the Court, it may still apply public trust doctrine. If there is no suitable legislation to preserve the natural resources, the public authorities should take advantage of this doctrine in addition to the fact that there was a branch of municipal law.Secondly the Supreme Court in M. I. builders[59], however, stated that public trust doctrine has grown from Article 21 of the constitution. By attaching this doctrine to the fundamental right to life, the Supreme Court appears to be willing to diversify the application of this doctrine. It seems likely that the court would give precedence to right to life when the public trust doctrine, as a part of right to a safe and healthy environment, is challenged by any other fundamental rights.Thirdly by ordering the Mahapalika to restore the park to its original beauty, the Supreme Court redefined the duties of a trustee to its beneficiaries the users of the park. In effect, it aligned the local authorities duty as a trustee with the concept of intra-generational and inter-generational equity. Fourthly, the case came before the court as a judicial review and not as challenge against the decision of the government from a beneficiary. As this doctrine acts as a check upon administrative action by providing a mechanism for judicial or resource allocation decisions.Therefore, public trust doctrine could serve as an additional tool for environmental protection particularly where administrative discretion has been abused. IMPORTANCE O F PUBLIC PARTICIPATION FOR PROPER IMPLEMENTATION OF PTD Public participation is a necessary component of vibrant, dynamic, functioning and participatory democracy. It has potential to make all governmental decision making transparent, rational just, fair and responsive as a good governance practice which entails effective participation in public policy making provisions of the rule of law.Public participation also serves as a useful device to make government and its agencies accountable and at the conceptual level public participation is inextricably linked with democracy, decentralization, self-administration, self-management and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. The idea of public participation has also entered the arena of environmental protection and its recognition as an important part of environmental decision making is discernible at all levels of government. 60]The contribution of public participation in environmental decision-making to the substantive quali ty of decisions was given a significant boost with the entry into force of the Aarhus Convention[61] adopted through the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. The Convention stresses that public participation in environmental decision-making contributes to â€Å"the protection of the right of every person of present and future generations to live in an environment adequate to his or her health and well-being. † NEED FOR PROPER FRAMEWORKOF LAWS IMPLEMENTING THE DOCTINEThe public trust doctrine could provide a practical legal framework for restructuring the way the oceans are regulated and managed. It would support ocean-based commerce while protecting marine species and habitats. The public trust doctrine is â€Å"a simple but powerful legal concept,† that obliges governments to manage certain natural resources in the best interests of their citizens, without sacrificing the needs of future generations. Extending the public trust doctrine to ocean waters would help State agencies better manage conflicting demands such as conservation, offshore energy development, fisheries and shipping in the 3. million nautical square miles of water included in the nation's territorial sea and EEZ.Currently dozens of laws, regulate species and activities in these waters, without any mandated, systematic effort to coordinate their actions for the public good. Though the public trust doctrine is well suited to serve as a critical legal foundation for a coordinated, ecosystem-based ocean policy, it has not yet been formally articulated by the executive branch, nor has it been recognized by courts or expressly established in statutory law.As we contemplate managing our ocean resources, not only for today but for future generations, we need to ask ourselves two critical questions: For whom should the country's oceans be managed? And for what purpose? The public trust doctrine answers both of these questions. International Scenario It is a common law concept, defined and addressed by academics in the United States and the United Kingdom. Various common properties; including rivers, the seashore, and the air, are held by the government in trusteeship for the uninterrupted use of the public.The sovereign could not, therefore, transfer public trust properties to a private party if the grant would interfere with the public interest. The public trust has been widely used and scrutinized in the United States (The Mono Lake case being the breakthrough)[62], but its scope is still uncertain. Various have been made to apply this doctrine to protect navigable and non-navigable waters, public land sand parks, and to apply it to both public and private lands and ecological resources.The Supreme Court of California has broadened the definition of public trust by including ecological and aesthetic considerations. Although the public trusts doctrine is not without its fair share of criticism it is being increasingly related to sustainable development, the precautionary principle and bio-diversity protection. The doctrine combines the guarantee of public access to public trust resources with a requirement of public accountability in respect of decision-making regarding such resources.Moreover, not only can it be used to protect the public from poor application of planning law or environmental impact assessment, it also has an intergenerational dimension. The Stockholm Declaration of United Nations on Human Environment evidences this seminal proposition: â€Å"The natural resources of the earth, including the air, water, land, flora and fauna and especially representative samples of natural system, must be safeguarded for the benefit of present and future generations through careful planning or management, as appropriate†¦ Conclusion Om vanaspataye Shanti Bhavantu[63] The Rishis of Aryavrata, the great thinkers of the ancient period pronounced above in the Vedas in no uncertain terms. However, we have sadly forgotten this pre cept except uttering the words occasionally while conducting havan to propitiate Gods and Nature without understanding the implication of this Mantra.In recent years these life supporting systems are gradually declining through the capricious exploitation of earth’s resources by the ever expanding human population in order to meet its growing material needs in the name of modernization and development and so does our relationship with natural resources continues to deteriorate till nature’s resources are exploited and utilized in a more rational & economical way to maintain a sustainable development. Environment is common heritage for all.Obviously, conservation and development can and must go hand in hand unrevealing and understanding the complexities of various eco-systems with a changing attitude of â€Å"touch-me-not† to â€Å"use me wisely†. It is evident that the state is not the owner of the natural resources in the country but a trustee who holds fiduciary relationship with the people. By accepting this task the government is expected to be loyal to the interests of its citizens and to discharge its duty with the interest of the citizens at heart and involve them in decision-making process concerning the management of natural resources in the country.The Public Trust Doctrine may provide the means for increasing the effectiveness of environmental impact assessment laws. The Public Trust Doctrine stands for the proposition that some of nature’s gifts inherently belong to all people, and the government must steward these to prevent both private arrogation of public resources and the â€Å"tragedy of the commons† from unfettered public access to these shared resources. [64] Environmental Human Rights represent a growing movement to codify this belief, to make positive law that firms up the philosophy promulgated for 1,500 or so years in the name of the Public Trust Doctrine.In addition, the Public Trust Doctrine h as expanded its reach to cover more of the Earth as the interrelatedness of ecosystem processes becomes more defined, and the success of the strategy in protecting those processes becomes more apparent. The Public Trust Doctrine encourages government officials to fulfill their stewardship duties. Judicial vigilance creates obligations erga omnes, i. e. , duties that must be performed. The Public Trust Doctrine urges judges to take a hard, skeptical look when government action appears to allow private interest to impede public trust environmental resources.The Public Trust Doctrine naturally shrinks what constitutes private property rights (and moves us to reconsider them as â€Å"private† â€Å"property† â€Å"rights†), either because certain resources never actually were subject to private usurpation, or never should have been. The Public Trust Doctrine has always reflected a value preference for public over private access to environmental assets. Invoking envi ronmental rights as human rights amplifies the public’s right, now and in the future, to share in ecological gifts fundamental to human health and wellbeing.

SenderS Profile Photofrank E. Smart. Holocaust Essay.

Sender s profile photo Frank E. Smart Holocaust Essay Mr. Grosse Feb 9 The Holocaust The Holocaust was the state-sponsored persecution also murder 6 Million Jews by the Nazi regimes. holocaust is also a Greek word meaning â€Å"Sacrifice by Fire†. The Nazi came in power in Germany in January 1933. They all believed that Germans was â€Å"Superior† and that the Jews, were also alien threating to call German racial community. In 1933, The Jewish population of Europe they all stood over nine million. The Jews lived in the countries that Nazi Germany would occupy of the influence during World War 2. In 1945, Germans they killed nearly two out of these three European Jews as part of the â€Å"Final Solution,† the Nazi policy to murder the Jews of†¦show more content†¦The prisoners usually died from their injuries with a few moments. The would administer chemicals such as polygala- 10 prisoners and then shoot various parts of their bodies. After the Holocaust, The U.N formed the commission of Human Rights in June 1946. The concretion in the P revention and punishment of crime of genocide and the universe Declaration of Human light. It called for the partition of palatine into two states, One Jewish and Arab, and developed A plan for ending British rule. Holocaust was invented by the Jews to server their own financial and political ends. Between 1945 and 1985, approximately 5,000 convicted Nazi war criminals were executed and 10,000 were imprisoned. More than half a million people visit the site of the former concentration camp Auschwitz every year. The Holocaust gave new urgency to the Jewish quest for a homeland in the Middle East. On the possibilities and Limits of Forgives, which is now a classic of holocaust literature. The personification of evil, Herniarin Himmler was one of the primary people responsible for the Holocaust. Women also singled out for experiments in contraception and fertility. Additionally, mothers with babies and other children too young. Th3 commotion that separating the women and children might have caused would have had Jeopardized the efficiency of the killing process. Henrico Himmler was the Nazi leader more directly involved that any other officer